In-Depth: Who Abandoned Ji Yue Auto (AI Translation)
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文|财新周刊 余聪 屈运栩
By Caixin Weekly‘s Yu Cong and Qu Yunxu
Jiyue Auto, a new car manufacturing force backed by major shareholders Baidu and Geely, abruptly disbanded and announced its collapse within a day, seemingly without any prior indication.
2024年12月8日,在全国拥有140余家门店(包括在建)的极越汽车,在华中地区的武汉、长沙两城同日新开了三家门店。10日,一名极越汽车高管带领他的朋友参观了公司,当时同事们正在准备更新汽车智驾软件版本。11日,极越还有不少员工在外地出差。
On December 8, 2024, Ji Yue Auto, which operates over 140 stores nationwide, including those under construction, inaugurated three new stores simultaneously in the central Chinese cities of Wuhan and Changsha. On the 10th, a senior executive from Ji Yue Auto guided his friends on a tour of the company, as his colleagues were preparing to update the smart driving software version for their vehicles. On the 11th, many Ji Yue employees were on business trips outside the city.
似乎一切如常。
Everything seems normal.

- DIGEST HUB
- Jiyue Auto, backed by Baidu and Geely, unexpectedly collapsed due to financial strain, resulting in abrupt employee layoffs and halted operations.
- The company's downfall was fueled by unresolved manufacturing license issues, insufficient investment, and poor sales performance, eroding trust among stakeholders.
- Both Baidu and Geely, facing broader market challenges, shifted priorities, leaving Jiyue in a precarious position amid an intensely competitive and transforming automotive industry.
Jiyue Auto, a company backed by Baidu and Geely, unexpectedly ceased operations, leaving employees and stakeholders shocked. The announcement was a sudden decision conveyed by CEO Xia Yiping, leading to a dissolution plan offering limited severance options.[para. 3] The company's collapse sent ripples of concern throughout the automotive industry, raising questions about its abrupt downfall despite its strong backing. [para. 3]
Jiyue Auto's story began in March 2021 when its predecessor, Jidu Auto, was launched with Baidu and Geely holding significant stakes. Baidu’s founder, Robin Li, initiated the company to advance autonomous driving technology. Jiyue Auto faced early hurdles, primarily due to a "license crisis," as the company lacked manufacturing qualifications. Baidu, not fully investing its funds, relied on Geely's intervention, which led to a delayed brand rebranding from Jidu to Jiyue. [para. 3]
Baidu shifted its focus away from car manufacturing toward artificial intelligence, which impacted its involvement in Jiyue. [para. 3] By 2023, Baidu prioritized AI over intelligent driving, prompting major executive departures within Jiyue. The financial status of Jiyue further weakened in 2024, with pressure mounting on Xia Yiping to expedite fundraising. Despite Baidu's declining interest, Xia remained optimistic about continued support. [para. 3]
The financial strains became evident by late 2024, as credit loans were not renewed, leading to a cash flow crisis. Additionally, accumulated losses grew sharply to almost 7 billion yuan, burdening the company with various debts. Employees sought clarity on pending compensations, which Baidu and Geely eventually agreed to settle after negotiations. The loss of executive resources and a failing sales strategy compounded Jiyue's struggles, marking a downward spiral. [para. 3]
Jiyue’s strategic failures in product launches and investments brought its demise. Despite attempting to innovate with their car models, consumer market acceptance was tepid. The company's branding efforts were further thwarted by frequent organizational changes and misaligned sales strategies, evidenced by chaotic price reductions. [para. 3] The sudden market changes in 2024 threatened the sustainability of even leading car brands, pushing industry players to consolidate. [para. 3]
Baidu’s reduced commitment was a setback for Jiyue, highlighting the tech giant's strategic refocus on areas like AI language models and cloud services, while stepping back from automotive ambitions. [para. 3] Geely, though initially a significant partner, retracted its involvement, leading to an ineffective partnership. Their strategic pivot aimed at brand consolidation did not prioritize Jiyue, resulting in a lack of support as the company grappled with financial challenges. [para. 3]
Geely’s restructuring through a strategic transformation plan, spearheaded by Li Shufu, epitomized a shift toward strategic consolidation. The intense competition within the automotive market prompted Geely's decision for operational efficiency and brand clarity. [para. 3] Overcapacity and ferocious cost competition, compounded with retail growth bolstered by incentives, emphasized the tough landscape for new brands like Jiyue. [para. 3]
This challenging environment, amid reduced subsidies and aggressive price wars, highlighted a broader market contraction, affecting sales and investments globally. Jiyue's collapse is a testament to the fragile balance within the current automotive industry, emphasizing survival challenges ahead. The narrative of Jiyue’s failure underlines the necessity for strategic adaptability amidst industry transformations. [para. 3]
- JIDU Auto
极越汽车 - JIDU Auto, backed by Baidu and Geely, rebranded as Jiyue Auto due to licensing issues before releasing its first car. Despite a promising start, it faced funding challenges, internal management issues, and lost investor interest, leading to its downfall. By late 2024, financial struggles forced Jiyue to abruptly disband, affecting over 5,000 employees, with Baidu and Geely considered strategic backers who eventually distanced themselves amidst growing industry competition.
- Baidu
百度 - Baidu initially invested in the car manufacturing venture Jidu Auto, with a 55% stake, transitioning to its new brand name, Ji Yue, amid regulatory challenges. However, Baidu's commitment waned as it pivoted its strategic focus towards AI and large language models. By late 2023, as internal changes unfolded and strategic interest shifted, Baidu ceased further investments in Ji Yue, leading to the venture's abrupt collapse.
- Geely Auto
吉利汽车 - Geely Auto, founded by Li Shufu, is a key player in the Chinese auto industry, notable for its strategic moves and brand expansions. It collaborated with Baidu to form Jidu (later Jiyue Auto). Recently, Geely has shifted focus to strategic integration, merging certain brands like Lynk & Co with Zeekr to enhance efficiency. Despite challenges in the fiercely competitive EV market, Geely continues to align its diverse brand portfolio and emphasize streamlined operations.
- Tesla
特斯拉 - The article mentions Tesla as a competitive force in the automotive market, with strategic sales incentives, like five-year interest-free loans and discounts, boosting its sales in China. It also highlights Tesla's impact on pricing strategies, noting that its competitive tactics can pressure other companies to follow suit. In November 2024, Tesla achieved record monthly sales in China, surpassing 73,000 units, showcasing its market influence.
- Volvo
沃尔沃 - Volvo was acquired by Geely in a noteworthy industry transaction in 2010, exemplifying strategic growth and technological advancement. This acquisition allowed Geely to share technology, contributing significantly to Geely's brand enhancement and expansion efforts over the years.
- Zeekr
极氪 - Zeekr, a high-end electric vehicle brand under Geely, shares the Ningbo production line with Ji Yue. It uses Geely's "SEA" (Sustainable Experience Architecture) platform for its vehicles. In November 2023, Zeekr went public on the NYSE. Its revenue heavily depends on non-vehicle sales, such as platform licensing. Zeekr is set to merge with Lynk & Co, aiming to boost synergies and reduce costs, planning to achieve a sales volume of 1 million units by 2026.
- NIO
蔚来汽车 - The article mentions that NIO experienced a surge in its market value in 2020, exceeding $700 billion, following the rise of Tesla in China's electric vehicle market. It highlights NIO as one of the standout companies among new energy vehicle startups during the second wave of EV entrepreneurship, which started around 2020. Moreover, in 2023 and December, Middle Eastern capital CYVN Holdings made strategic investments totaling approximately $33 billion in NIO, making it NIO's largest single shareholder.
- XPeng
小鹏汽车 - XPeng received a strategic investment of 7 billion USD from Volkswagen, positioning it strongly in the competitive electric vehicle market. The article highlights the strategic nature of this investment, contrasting it with the challenges faced by other automakers. While some carmakers struggle with financing, XPeng's partnership with Volkswagen offers strategic growth opportunities.
- Li Auto
理想汽车 - Li Auto, an independent electric vehicle brand, achieved monthly sales exceeding 50,000 units. This figure significantly surpasses the peak monthly sales of Jiyue Auto, which only reached 3,107 units in October 2024. Li Auto's performance showcases its strong market presence compared to other new energy vehicle startups.
- Xiaomi Auto
小米汽车 - Xiaomi Auto was established in September 2021 and is recognized for effective market preheating before launching its first car, the Xiaomi SU7, in March 2024. The model quickly became a market focus and achieved over 10,000 deliveries in the third month after launch, showcasing Xiaomi Auto’s strong market entry compared to other new automotive entrants like Jidu, which struggled with brand visibility.
- BYD
比亚迪 - BYD is mentioned as surpassing Geely in total sales for 2023, selling over 375,000 vehicles in the first 11 months. BYD's trend of surpassing Geely began as early as 2022. By 2024, BYD remains ahead with a significant lead in the electric vehicle market, continuing its dominance in the Chinese automotive industry.
- NEZHA Auto
哪吒汽车 - NEZHA Auto is facing challenges due to strategic, organizational, and management issues amidst fierce market competition. The company depends on continued external financing, receiving a total of 10.6 billion yuan via convertible bonds in 2024, supported by state-owned entities. The CEO, Zhang Yong, has transitioned to an advisory role with founder and chairman Fang Yunzhu taking over as CEO to navigate the difficulties.
- LEAPMOTOR
零跑汽车 - LEAPMOTOR, a Chinese electric vehicle company, received a strategic investment of 15 billion euros from Stellantis Group. However, the global automotive market is facing a downturn, affecting major partners like Stellantis, which reported a decline in key financial metrics for 2024. Stellanits's CEO Carlos Tavares, who supported the investment in LEAPMOTOR, unexpectedly resigned due to the company's poor performance.
- Early 2021:
- Xia Yiping stated that Jidu Auto planned to invest 50 billion yuan over five years.
- March 2021:
- The predecessor of Ji Yue Auto, Jidu Auto, was founded with a partnership between Baidu and Geely, holding a 55:45 stake ratio.
- October 2022:
- Jidu unveiled the ROBO-01 Lunar Exploration Limited Edition and began accepting orders, despite not having production qualifications.
- April 2023:
- Jidu was halted from participating in the Shanghai Auto Show by regulators due to a 'license' crisis.
- By 2023:
- Baidu refocused its strategic priorities toward artificial intelligence and reduced investment in intelligent driving.
- October 2023:
- Ji Yue Auto's first model, the Jiyue 01, started delivery.
- September 20, 2024:
- Li Shufu announced the 'Taizhou Declaration,' shifting Geely's strategy from expansion to consolidation.
- November 5, 2024:
- Xia Yiping mentioned in a company-wide meeting about ongoing financing plans, assuring no financial crisis.
- December 8, 2024:
- Ji Yue Auto inaugurated three new stores in Wuhan and Changsha.
- December 10, 2024:
- A senior executive guided friends on a company tour, amidst preparations to update smart driving software.
- December 11, 2024:
- Jiyue Auto CEO Xia Yiping informed employees of the company's financial difficulties and proposed an exit plan in a video conference.
- December 12, 2024:
- Employees surrounded Xia Yiping demanding resolutions for personal income tax and social security issues.
- December 13, 2024:
- Geely and Baidu issued a joint statement to assist in handling related issues, including social security and compensation.
- December 16, 2024:
- Xia Yiping posted a reflection on WeChat about the company's financial struggles.
- December 19, 2024:
- The compensation plan for departing employees was unveiled, with provisions for timely payment.
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