In Depth: Testing Mind-Controlled Computers in China’s Skies

Bai Hao, a paraplegic patient, participated in a groundbreaking brain-computer interface (BCI) experiment during a flight from Beijing to Wuhai. Five years ago, Bai was paralyzed from the shoulders down due to a car accident. On August 2, he became the first patient in China to test a BCI device at high altitude. BCI technology, first proposed in the 1970s, captures brain-generated electric signals to control machines, like robotic arms, with mental commands. Chinese scientists have advanced in BCI research, conducting the first clinical trial of BCI implantations in a paralyzed patient in 2020. [para. 1][para. 2][para. 3]

Bai received the Neural Electronic Opportunity (NEO) device in December 2023, developed by Tsinghua University. This less invasive device implants electrodes in the skull, distinct from Elon Musk's Neuralink, which requires penetrating the brain's protective membrane. The field is relatively new, with fewer than 40 spinal cord injury patients worldwide receiving implantable BCI devices. [para. 4][para. 5][para. 6]

The BCI experiment aimed to confirm the reliability of the system under challenging conditions, such as a plane flight. Bai's tasks involved playing tic-tac-toe and navigating a virtual wheelchair, both controlled by mental imagery. Accompanied by a neuroengineering student and an engineer from Neuracle Technology, Bai's 40-minute experiment involved simulating daily activities like computer operation and wheelchair movement. Using trained motor imagery, Bai successful navigated his tasks, despite some turbulence and anxiety. [para. 7][para. 8][para. 10][para. 11][para. 12]

After completing the main tasks, Bai attempted a surfing game aiming to refine the device use for real-world applications. This step was crucial for ensuring the autonomous usability of the device back home, crucial for aiding individuals with spinal cord injuries in China. [para. 13][para. 14][para. 15]

Upon landing in Wuhai, the team transitioned to assessing how the device could be used in a home environment. Despite initial difficulties using a stylus for screen navigation, it was clear that finding a way for patients to control everything with the mind is crucial. They faced challenges with equipment refinement, such as fitting issues with the NEO-Box. [para. 16][para. 18][para. 19][para. 20]

BCI technology has notable limitations, such as the slow progression and the complexity of seamless integration into daily life. However, small victories, like performing simple tasks with BCI, can significantly alleviate family burdens. The expectations are high, but the team is hopeful and motivated to continue improving the technology. The experiment highlights the potential of BCIs to improve physical autonomy and quality of life for paralyzed individuals over time. [para. 21][para. 23][para. 24]

Concluding the experiment, the research team expressed commitment and reassurance to Bai’s family, appreciating their support and determination to improve their lives through advancing BCI technology. They reiterated their belief that together, progress and improvement are possible. Bai Hao is a pseudonym for the patient involved in this innovative experiment. [para. 25][para. 26][para. 27][para. 28]