Caixin Explains: How BRICS Has Expanded
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The BRICS, a geopolitical bloc composed of nine countries including China and Russia, held its 16th summit from Oct. 22 to Oct. 24 in Kazan, Russia. It was the first summit for the four new member states ― Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia and the United Arab Emirates ― since their accession to the group this year.
BRICS expansions
The founding members of Brazil, Russia, India and China held the bloc’s first summit in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009 under the initial name BRIC. Since then, the group has expanded twice.

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- The 16th BRICS summit was held in October 2023 in Kazan, Russia, marking the first summit for new member states Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and UAE.
- Argentina declined its BRICS invitation post-election, while Saudi Arabia is still evaluating its potential membership.
- Several countries, including Malaysia and Thailand, have shown interest in joining BRICS, with Malaysia seeking membership formally in June 2023.
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