Cover Story: Chinese Chipmakers Look to Malaysia to Sidestep U.S. Tariffs
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As global supply chains are braced for disruption following Donald Trump’s re-election, China’s chipmakers are speeding up efforts to expand production abroad to avoid potential trade barriers.
And Malaysia, with its strategic location and robust infrastructure, is becoming a popular destination.
The northwestern state of Penang has earned itself the nickname “Silicon Valley of the East” and now houses the highest concentration of integrated circuit design and R&D companies in Malaysia.

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- Chinese chipmakers are accelerating international expansion, with Malaysia emerging as a key destination due to trade tensions and potential U.S. tariffs under Trump's presidency.
- Penang is establishing itself as a major semiconductor hub, attracting significant foreign investment and aiming to develop a chip design and technology center.
- Malaysia is enhancing its semiconductor industry with major investments and policies, such as its National Semiconductor Strategy and "New Industrial Master Plan 2030," positioning it strategically in the global market.
Chinese chipmakers are ramping up efforts to expand production abroad to circumvent potential trade barriers in response to President Donald Trump's re-election and subsequent policies. Malaysia, with its strategic advantages, is emerging as a favored location. Penang, often referred to as the "Silicon Valley of the East," has become a hub for integrated circuit design and research and development (R&D) firms, reflecting its ambition to grow as a chip design and technology center. [para. 1][para. 2][para. 3][para. 6]
The threat of U.S. trade policies against China under Trump's administration, specifically regarding the potential 60% tariff on Chinese goods, is pushing Chinese chipmakers to consider foreign expansion. This urgency is echoed by industry leaders like Jensen Huang of NVIDIA, advocating for a decentralization of production to bolster global supply chains. Malaysia has positioned itself to seize this "golden opportunity," as stated by Liew Chin Tong, the deputy minister of Investment, Trade, and Industry. The rising demand for computational power driven by artificial intelligence (AI) further highlights the critical role of semiconductor packaging in future innovations. [para. 8][para. 9][para. 11][para. 12]
Malaysia is keen to attract Chinese entities and capitalize on tech transfers amid U.S.-China tensions. Penang, in particular, has become central to this strategy. China's semiconductor market share increased from $100 billion in 2016 to $150 billion in 2023, accounting for almost 30% of the global market. Although Chinese firms explore international ventures, challenges remain. The deliberate expansion into Southeast Asia underscores these efforts, also including regions like the Middle East and North America. The return of Trump might create new opportunities for Southeast Asia, benefiting from intensified semiconductor market competition among Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam. [para. 14][para. 16][para. 20][para. 22][para. 23]
Inari Amertron, a Malaysian company, is adapting to serve both U.S. and Chinese clienteles, reflecting the need for broader engagement. The expanding global presence of Chinese semiconductor firms, catalyzed by tightening domestic competition and market saturation, aims at cost reduction and tapping new markets. Observers like Wang Zhilong highlight the strategic expansions initiated during Trump’s first term; a trend expected to continue due to overcapacity concerns and challenging local markets. However, restructuring supply chains remains a significant hurdle for Chinese companies. [para. 41][para. 42][para. 43][para. 51]
Amid the geopolitical complexities, Malaysia aims to fortify its semiconductor sector with significant investments, committing 25 billion ringgits ($5.6 billion) under its National Semiconductor Strategy. Notable developments include Intel’s $7 billion investment for advanced packaging in Penang and Infineon’s €7 billion investment in a Kulim wafer fabrication plant. Despite the promising advances, local companies exercise caution towards collaborations with Chinese counterparts, mindful of the geopolitical environment, especially regarding U.S. sanctions. Malaysia’s significant contribution to the semiconductor industry is marked by its extensive investment ecosystem, standing as the world’s sixth-largest chip exporter. [para. 26][para. 27][para. 33][para. 54][para. 65]
The narrative suggests an inherent drive within Chinese companies to assimilate better into global supply chains, moving beyond acquisitions to integration. Geopolitical uncertainties persist, yet Malaysia's commitment to fostering local and foreign semiconductor ventures illustrates a strategy of growth through collaboration and adaptation, informed by shifting market demands and technological developments. While the broader geopolitical and economic landscapes evolve, Malaysia’s emphasis on enhancing competitiveness appears firmly rooted in product innovation and strategic partnerships, signaling a cautious optimism for the semiconductor sector's future. [para. 78][para. 80][para. 88][para. 96]
- NVIDIA
- According to the article, NVIDIA's CEO Jensen Huang emphasized the need to strengthen global supply chains and highlighted the importance of decentralizing production bases as a response to increasing geopolitical tensions and the demand for computational power driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI).
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
- In late October, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (TSMC) temporarily stopped shipments of AI chips made with 7-nanometer or more advanced process technology to mainland Chinese clients. This action was partly influenced by the looming new U.S. regulations against Chinese chipmakers, which were delayed due to the presidential election but could be implemented soon, creating further urgency for Chinese companies looking to expand abroad.
- GlobalFoundries
- Yvonne Keil, senior director of operations at GlobalFoundries in India and Malaysia, emphasized the need for companies to adopt a global strategy to address rising costs and geopolitical risks.
- HanSingTek
- HanSingTek is a Chinese chip design services company that has capitalized on China’s semiconductor boom since 2018, leading to industry growth in Southeast Asia. Initially choosing Singapore as a base, they expanded into Vietnam and Malaysia as the market in Singapore became limited. HanSingTek is part of the broader trend of Chinese companies expanding overseas due to domestic competition and market saturation.
- Intel
- Intel is expanding its presence in Penang, Malaysia, by building a facility focused on advanced 3D integrated circuit packaging technology. In 2021, the company announced a $7 billion investment to support this project.
- Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc.
- Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc. has been operating in Penang, Malaysia, since 1993. The company is expanding its semiconductor packaging and testing capabilities with a new plant set to open in 2025.
- Infineon
- Infineon, a German semiconductor giant, is investing €7 billion in a wafer fab near Penang, Malaysia. This investment is part of Malaysia’s strategy to strengthen its semiconductor industry, particularly in areas like integrated circuit design and wafer production. Infineon's expansion highlights Penang's emerging role as a central hub in the global semiconductor supply chain.
- Samsung
- The article content mentions that companies investing in Vietnam are often following their major chip clients, such as Samsung, as these clients expand their operations there. This indicates that Samsung is actively involved in expanding its presence in Vietnam, which is part of the broader trend of semiconductor companies extending their operations and investments in Southeast Asia.
- Foxconn
- The article mentions that companies investing in Vietnam are often following their major chip clients, such as Samsung, Foxconn, and BYD, which are expanding their operations there.
- BYD
- BYD is mentioned as a major chip client that is expanding its operations in Vietnam. As a result, companies investing in Vietnam are often following their customers like BYD to capitalize on this growth and the expanding market dynamics in Southeast Asia, particularly in semiconductor and technology sectors.
- Tongfu Microelectronics
- Tongfu Microelectronics, a leading Chinese chipmaker, acquired an 85% stake in two AMD factories in Suzhou and Penang, forming the TF-AMD joint venture. This venture, based in Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, specializes in packaging and testing for CPU and GPU chips, becoming integral to the global semiconductor supply chain. Shi Lei, the company’s general manager, notes that the overseas expansion of Chinese semiconductor companies is driven by market demands and production capacity shifts.
- Skyechip
- Skyechip is an integrated circuit (IC) design company based in Penang, Malaysia. The company has emerged as part of Malaysia's shift towards supporting local semiconductor businesses. Penang plays a central role in Malaysia's semiconductor ambitions, with the government prioritizing the advancement of integrated circuit design and semiconductor equipment manufacturing. Skyechip benefits from this focus, contributing to Malaysia's growing capabilities in the semiconductor sector.
- Futurus Technology Co. Ltd.
- Futurus Technology Co. Ltd. is an augmented reality startup whose founder, Xu Junfeng, noted that Chinese companies have shifted their focus towards cost reduction by 2023 and especially in 2024. This shift is in contrast to their previous focus on differentiation and innovation, largely due to intensified domestic competition, driving them to seek opportunities in overseas markets.
- Yihai Chuangteng
- Yihai Chuangteng is an overseas marketing consulting firm founded by Wang Zhilong. The firm assists companies in expanding internationally. According to Wang, many forward-thinking companies started international expansion during Trump's first term, and with his return to office, even more companies are expected to pursue this strategy.
- 1970s:
- Bayan Lepas was established as Malaysia's first free trade zone to attract foreign investment.
- 2016:
- China's semiconductor sales grew from $100 billion in 2016.
- 2021:
- Intel announced a $7 billion investment for a facility in Penang.
- By 2023:
- China's semiconductor sales reached $150 billion, accounting for nearly 30% of the global market.
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